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INTRODUCTION概要
The Australian Intellectual Property Report provides the latest data on the intellectual property (IP) rights administered by the Australian Government. The report analyses the volume of applications for IP rights filed in Australia, the number of IP rights registered or granted, the geographical origins of applications, and the types of innovations for which applicants have sought protection.
2021年澳大利亚知识产权报告，由澳大利亚政府分析统计，旨在提供最新的知识产权相关数据。该报告分析了澳大利亚知识产权的申请量、获得注册或授权的知识产权数量、知识产权申请的原始国以及申请人寻求保护的创新类型等等。
In 2020, economic shocks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and supply chain disruptions induced a sharp contraction in employment and output. This year’s IP Report documents some surprising trends in IP activity during this unprecedented crisis. Applications for patents and design rights fell by 2 and 4 per cent in 2020. In the case of designs, this decline can be attributed to a downturn in international trade, whereas the fall in patenting is due to a reduction in Australian filings. Conversely, trade mark applications increased by 8 per cent compared to 2019, driven by Australian applicants seeking increased trade mark protection.
2020年，COVID-19疫情爆发，经济遭到冲击，供应链中断导致就业和产出急剧收缩。今年的知识产权报告因这场史无前例的危机而呈现出一些出人意料的趋势。 2020年专利和外观设计申请量下降2-4％。就外观设计而言，申请量下降归因于国际贸易下滑，而专利申请量的下降则是由于澳大利亚申请量的减少。相反，受澳大利亚本地申请人寻求加强商标保护的推动，商标申请量较2019年增长了8%。
Trade marks商标
Trade marks are informational signals that distinguish products, services and companies in the marketplace. Registering a trade mark insulates it from copying and infringement for an initial period of 10 years, but trade mark protection can be renewed indefinitely.
商标是区分市场中商品、服务以及各公司主体信息的一种标志。注册商标的最初保护期限为10年，且可通过续展无限延长。在商标保护期限内，可以避免他人未经许可或授权对注册商标进行模仿抄袭或其他侵权行为。
Trade mark applications and registrations商标申请和注册
In 2020, a total of 81,702 trade mark applications were filed in Australia, an 8 percent increase on 2019. This increase occurred during the steepest fall in Australia’s gross domestic product (GDP) in history. This trend continued as Australia’s economy rebounded in the second half of 2020.
2020年，澳大利亚商标申请量总共达81,702件，较2019年增长8％，这一增长发生在澳大利亚历史上国内生产总值（GDP）下降幅度最大的时期。随着2020年下半年澳大利亚经济反弹，商标申请量持续增长。
As with applications, trade mark registrations in Australia have risen with GDP over the past decade but continued to increase in 2020 even as GDP fell. Registrations reached 64,086, up 10 per cent on their level in 2019.
与商标申请相同，澳大利亚商标注册授权量在过去十年亦随着GDP增长而增加。即使2020年GDP有所下降，但商标注册量仍持续增加。商标注册量达64,086件，较2019年同期增长10％。
Figure T1. Trade mark applications and registrations, 2011–20
图T1：2011年至2020年商标申请量和注册量
Resident and non-resident filings
本地和非本地商标申请
The growth in trade mark applications in Australia was due to growth in filings by Australian residents. In 2020, residents were named as applicants on 51,662 trade mark applications, up 17 per cent from 2019. Of these resident filings, 3,818 (or 7 per cent) were multi-party applications – most (3,755) coming from residents with Australian co-applicants only, the remaining (63) being mixed origin, with Australian and international co-applicants. The remaining 47,844 resident applications were from single Australian applicants (Table T1).
澳大利亚商标申请量的增加得益于澳大利亚本地申请量的增长。2020年，本地商标申请量达51,662件，较2019年增长17％。本地申请中，3,818件（占7％）为多方共同申请，其中大部分（3,755件）为澳大利亚本地共同申请，剩余（63件）为澳大利亚本地居民与跨国申请人共同申请。其余47,844件本地申请为澳大利亚单一主体申请（见表T1）。
In contrast, non-residents accounted for 30,040 applications in 2020, a 4 per cent fall from their level in 2019. The majority (29,677) came from single non-resident applicants, with a smaller number (363) from international co-applicants without involvement of Australian residents.
相比之下，2020年非本地申请达30,040件，较2019年同期下降4％。非本地申请中大部分（29,677件）为单一的非本地申请，剩余（363件）为国际共同申请（无澳大利亚本地居民参与）。
Table T1. Origin of single and multi-party trade mark applications, 2020
表T1：2020年单一和多方共同商标申请
Trade mark classes商标类别
Trade marks are attributed to specific product and service classes using Nice, an international classification scheme comprised of 45 classes. Applicants, who can nominate one or several Nice classes for their application, filed 148,104 classes in 2020, an average of 1.8 classes per application.
商标按国际尼斯分类（含45个类）划分为特定的商品和服务类别。申请人在同一个商标申请中可指定一个或多个类别。2020年商标申请共指定148,104个类别，平均每个商标申请指定1.8个类别。
Since 2002, there has been relative stability in the degree to which trade mark applications are concentrated across classes, with five classes dominating for total filings (Table T2).
自2002年以来，商标申请在各个类别中的集中程度一直相对稳定，其中五个类别在总申请量中占主导地位：9类技术和电气设备、35类广告、41类教育，培训和娱乐、42类科技服务、25类服装，鞋类和头饰（见表T2）。
Table T2. Trade mark classes, top 5 in 2020
表T2：2020年排名前五位的商标申请类别
As shown in Figure T2, the greatest change in classes was observed for Surgical and medical apparatus (+23 per cent from 2019), Pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations (+23 per cent), Clothing and footwear (+13 per cent), Non-medicated cosmetics and toiletries (+13 per cent) and Legal services (+12 per cent). The classes with the highest rates of decline were Medical and veterinary services (–10 per cent) and Transport services (–9 per cent). These trends likely reflect the massive demand for products to help mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic and the uneven sectoral impacts of business restrictions intended to curb infection spread.
如下图T2所示，增幅最大的类别是手术和医疗设备（较2019年增长23％）、药品和兽药制剂（增长23％）、服装和鞋类（增长13％）、非医用化妆品和盥洗用品（增长13％）以及法律服务（增长12％）。下降幅度最大的类别是医疗和兽医服务（下降10％）和运输服务（下降9％）。这一趋势可反映出消费者对缓解COVID-19疫情所产生的巨大商品需求，以及政府为遏制疫情扩散而出台的商业限制令对各部门的不均衡影响。
Figure T2. Applications for trade marks related to medical and health care products and services increased in 2020
图T2：2020年与医疗保健产品和服务有关的商标申请量有所增加
States and territories澳大利亚各州和地区的商标申请量
In 2020, trade mark applications increased from their levels in 2019 across all states and territories except the Northern Territory (Table T3). Applicants from New South Wales were named in the largest number of applications (18,286), followed by applicants from Victoria (named in 16,105 applications). Victorian applicants led for the most applications per capita (2.2 per thousand people), and for the highest rate of growth in applications (21 per cent) during 2020.
2020年，除北部地区外，澳大利亚其他州和地区的商标申请量较2019年同期均有所增长（见表T3）。新南威尔士州商标申请量名列第一（18,286件），其次是维多利亚州（16,105件）。维多利亚州的人均申请量最高（2.2件/千人），是2020年申请量增幅最大的州（21％）。
Of the 51,662 resident applications in 2020, a total of 118 were filed by applicants in interstate partnerships. The most common interstate partnerships involved co-applicants from New South Wales and Queensland (28 applications), from New South Wales and Victoria (17 applications), and from Queensland and Victoria (17 applications).
2020年，澳大利亚本地商标申请51,662件，其中118件为州际合伙共同申请。最常见的州际合伙共同申请包括来自新南威尔士州和昆士兰州的共同申请人（28件申请）、来自新南威尔士州和维多利亚州的共同申请人（17件申请），以及来自昆士兰州和维多利亚州的共同申请人（17件申请）。
Table T3. Trade mark applications, states and territories, 2019–20
表T3：2019年至2020年澳大利亚各州和地区的商标申请情况
Countries of origin商标申请原始国
In 2020, as in every year since 2015, the major countries of origin for trade mark applicants (besides Australia) were the United States (US), China, the United Kingdom (UK), Germany and Japan. In total, 8,918 trade mark applications named US applicants, 4,815 named Chinese applicants, 2,215 named applicants from the UK, 1,709 named German applicants and 1,323 named applicants from Japan. Applications fell from their level in 2019 for all of these countries of origin except Japan, filings from which remained stable.
2020年商标申请主要原始国（澳大利亚除外）有：美国、中国、英国、德国和日本。自2015年以来，每年均是如此。商标申请总量中，8,918件来自美国申请人，4,815件来自中国申请人，2,215件来自英国申请人，1,709件来自德国申请人，1,323件来自日本申请人。除来自日本的商标申请量保持平稳增长外，其他几个国家的商标申请量较2019年同期均有所下降。
Of the 81,702 total applications filed in Australia, 97 named applicants from multiple countries. The most common international partnerships involved Australians filing with co-applicants from Hong Kong (16 applications), the US (15 applications) and China (7 applications).
澳大利亚商标申请总量81,702件，其中97件来自多个国家的共同申请人。最常见的国际共同申请包括澳大利亚本地居民与来自中国香港的共同申请人（16件）、与来自美国的共同申请人（15件）以及与来自中国的共同申请人（7件）。
Following a sustained period of growth in applications filed by international partnerships in 2015–19, international partnership applications fell in 2020 (Figure T3). The decline may reflect the volatility in international trade introduced by the COVID-19 pandemic.
伴随着2015年至2019年以来商标国际共同申请持续增长之后，2020年该数据却有所下降（见图T3）。 这反映出COVID-19疫情给国际贸易带来的波动和影响。
Trade mark applications can be filed directly in Australia or via the Madrid system, which allows a single trade mark to be filed in multiple countries. In 2020, 16,872 trade mark applications in Australia were filed via this system, equating to 56 per cent of all non-resident applications.
申请人可直接向澳大利亚商标局提交商标申请，也可以通过马德里体系进行申请（只需一份申请，便可指定多个国家）。2020年，通过马德里体系指定澳大利亚的商标申请达16,872件，占所有非本地申请的56％。
Figure T3. After a period of sustained growth, trade mark applications filed by international partnerships fell in 2020
图T3：2020年商标国际共同申请在经过一段时间的持续增长之后呈现下降趋势
Australian filings overseas澳大利亚海外商标申请
Before the pandemic, trade mark applications filed by Australians overseas exhibited strong continuous growth. In 2019 (most recent WIPO data), Australian residents filed a total of 20,573 trade mark applications abroad. These contained 47,983 class nominations, up 10 per cent from 2018. The primary destination countries for these filings were China (19 per cent of all class nominations in applications abroad), the US (15 per cent), New Zealand (12 per cent) and the European Union Intellectual Property Office (6 per cent).
在COVID-19疫情之前，澳大利亚的海外商标申请呈现强劲的持续增长趋势。2019年（WIPO最新数据），澳大利亚本地居民提交了20,573件海外商标申请，指定商品或服务类别共47,983个，较2018年增长10％。海外商标申请的主要目标国家是中国（占海外申请所指定商品/服务类别的19％），美国占15％，新西兰占12％，欧盟占6％。
More analysis and data please refer to https://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/ip-report-2021, for patents, designs, copyrights, trademarks and exports in each chapter.
详情请参阅澳大利亚官网链接，报告分章节对商标、专利、版权、外观等数据进行了详尽地分析。
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